1) Macroporous networks formed by phase separation mechanism

             a) hydrophobic networks

             b) hydrophilic networks

2) Gel formation by free-radical mechanism

             a) experiments

             b) theory

3) Hydrogels

             a) swelling

             b) elasticity

             c) inhomogeneity

             d) temperature sensitivity

4) Cryogels: cryogels

5) Microgels:  microgels

6) Polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogels:  polymer-clay

7) Gels from rubber: organogels

8) Miscellaneous: miscellaneous

   

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                              

 

 

Miscellaneous

 

 Okay  O,  Schindlbauer H,  Wasserlösliche Kationisch Modifizierte Copolymere mit Acrylamid
 Angew. Makromol. Chem. 122, 21-31 (1984) 
                                                                                  pdf

 

Okay O,  Schindlbauer H, Stark basische Ionenaustauscher auf Guanidiniumsalz-Formaldehyd-Aceton-Basis   

Angew. Makromol. Chem. 127, 203-209 (1984)                                                                              pdf
 

Okay O, Guclu H, Soner E, Balkas TI, Boron Pollution in the Simav River, Turkey and Various Methods of Boron Removal
 Water Research 19, 857 - 862 (1985)                                                                                              pdf
 

Tanrisever T, Okay O, and Sönmezoglu IC,  Kinetics of emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61, 485-493 (1996).                                                                             pdf
 

 

 


Macroporous hydrophobic polymer networks by reaction induced phase separation

 

Okay O, Soner E, Gungor A, Balkas, TI, Phase Separation in the Synthesis of Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers with Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate as Diluent
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 2065-2074 (1985)                                                                                        pdf
 

Okay O, Balkas TI, Heterogeneous Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers in Collapsed and Reexpanded States
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 31, 1785-1795 (1986)                                                                                        pdf
 

Okay O, Heterogeneous Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers. Stability Conditions of the Porous Structures
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 32, 5533-5542 (1986)                                                                                        pdf
 

Okay O,  Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers IV.  Porosity Changes During Chloromethylation
 Angew. Makromol. Chem. 143, 209-214 (1986)                                                                              pdf
 

Okay O,  Porous Maleic Anhydride-Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymer Beads
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 34, 307-317 (1987)                                                                                           pdf
 

Okay O, Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers V.  Inhomogeneity in the Structure and Average Degree of Swelling
 Angew. Makromol. Chem. 153, 125-134 (1987)                                                                             pdf
 

Okay O, Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers VI.  Porosity Formation in the Presence of Toluene-Cyclohexanol Mixtures as Inert Diluents
 Angew. Makromol. Chem. 157, 1-13 (1988)                                                                                   pdf
 

Okay O, Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers VII. Stability of the Porous Structures Formed in Toluene-Cyclohexanol Mixtures
 Angew. Makromol. Chem. 157, 15-21 (1988)                                                                                pdf
 

Okay O, Gurun C, Formation and Structural Characteristics of Porous Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Networks
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 46, 421-434 (1992).                                                                                      pdf
 

Küçük I, Kuyulu A, and Okay O,  Effect of diluents on the porous structure of crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate beads
 Polymer Bulletin 35, 511-516 (1995).                                                                                   pdf
 

Erbay E, and Okay O,  Macroporous Styrene - Divinylbenzene Copolymers: Formation of Stable Porous Structures during the Copolymerization
 Polymer Bulletin 41, 379-385 (1998)                                                                                pdf
 

Erbay E, and Okay O, Pore memory of Macroporous Styrene -Divinylbenzene Copolymer Beads
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 71, 1055-1062 (1999)                                                                       pdf
 

Okay O,  Phase Separation in Free-Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization: Formation of Heterogeneous  Polymer Networks
 Polymer 40, 4117-4129 (1999)                                                                                         pdf
 

Okay O,  Formation of Macroporous Styrene - Divinylbenzene Copolymer Networks: Theory versus Experiments                              
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 74, 2181-2195 (1999)                                                                       pdf

 

Okay O, Macroporous Copolymer Networks
 Progress in Polymer Science 25, 711-779  (2000)                                                         pdf


 

 

 

Formation of gels by free-radical mechanism: Experiments
 

Okay O, Formation and Structural Characteristics of Loosely Crosslinked Styrene-Divinylbenzene Networks
Makromol. Chem. 189, 2201-2217 (1988)                                                                                      pdf
 

Pekcan Ö, Yilmaz Y,  Okay O, Fluorescence Technique to Study Sol-Gel Transition in the Free-radical Crosslinking Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
 Chem. Phys. Lett. 229, 537-540 (1994).
 

Okay O,  Naghash HJ, Pendant Vinyl Group Reactivity during the Free-radical Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
 Polymer Bulletin 33, 665 - 672 (1994).                                                                                      pdf 

 

Naghash HJ, Okay O,  Yildirim H,  Gel Formation in Free-radical Crosslinking Copolymerization
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 56, 477 - 483 (1995).                                                                                 pdf    

 

Okay O, Kurz M, Lutz K,  Funke W,  Cyclization and Reduced Pendant Vinyl Group Reactivity during the Free-radical Crosslinking Polymerization of 1,4-Divinylbenzene
 Macromolecules 28, 2728 - 2737 (1995).                                                                                 pdf
 

Okay O, Naghash HJ, Capek I,  Free radical crosslinking copolymerization. Effect of cyclization on diffusion-controlled termination at low conversion
 Polymer 36, 2413-2419 (1995).                                                                                               pdf
 

Naghash HJ, and Okay O,  Formation and structure of polyacrylamide gels
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 60, 971-979 (1996).                                                                               pdf
 

Pekcan Ö, Yilmaz Y, and Okay O, In situ fluorescence experiments to test the reliability of random bond and site bond percolation models during sol-gel transition in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization
 Polymer 37, 2049-2053 (1996).                                                                                           pdf
 

Naghash HJ, Okay O, and Yagci Y,  Size distribution of polymers during the photoinitiated free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
 Polymer Bulletin 37, 207-213 (1996)                                                                                  pdf 

 

Pekcan O, Yilmaz Y, and Okay O, Determination of reaction activation energy during gelation in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization using the steady-state fluorescence method
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61, 2279-2284 (1996)                                                                           pdf

 

Naghash HJ, Okay O, and Yagci Y, Gel formation by chain crosslinking photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
 Polymer 38, 1187-1196 (1997)                                                                                           pdf
 

Pekcan O, Yilmaz Y, and Okay O, Real time monitoring of polymerization rate of methyl methacrylate using fluorescence probe
 Polymer  38, 1693-1698 (1997).                                                                                        pdf
 

Okay O, Balimtas NK, and Naghash HJ,  Effects of cyclization and pendant vinyl group reactivity on the swelling behavior of polyacrylamide gels
 Polymer Bulletin 39, 233-239 (1997).                          

 

Kayaman N, Kazan D, Erarslan A, Okay O, and Baysal BM, Structure and protein separation efficiency of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels: Effect of synthesis conditions
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 67, 805-814 (1998).                                                                         pdf
 

Keskinel M, and Okay O, Effects of Cyclization and Electrostatic Interactions on the Termination Rate of Macroradicals in Free-Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization
 Polymer Bulletin 40, 491- 498 (1998)                                                                              pdf

 

Okay O, Kaya D, and Pekcan O,  Free-radical Crosslinking Copolymerization of Styrene and Divinylbenzene: Real Time Monitoring of the Gel Effect Using Fluorescence Probe
 Polymer 40, 6179-6187 (1999)                                                                                         pdf

 

Pekcan O, Kaya D, and Okay O, Observation of critical opalescence in free radical crosslinking copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene  by fluorescence method 
 Eur. Polymer J. 35, 2025-2029 (1999)                                                                             pdf

 

 

Microgels


Okay O,
Funke W, Anionic Dispersion Polymerization of  1,4-Divinylbenzene
 Macromolecules 23, 2623-2628 (1990).                                                                                         pdf
 

Okay O, Funke W,  Conditions of Microgel Formation in the Anionic Polymerization of 1,4-Divinylbenzene
 Makromol. Chem. 191, 1565-1573 (1990).                                                                                    pdf
 

Okay O, Funke W,  Steric Stabilization of Reactive Microgels from 1,4-Divinylbenzene
 Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 11, 583-587 (1990).                                                              pdf
 

Funke W, Bauer H, Joos B, Kaczun J, Kleiner B, Leibelt U, Okay O,  Intramolecularly Crosslinked Macromolecules - Formation and Structure, Characterization and Particle Properties
 Polymer International 30, 519 - 523 (1993).

 

Funke W, Okay O,  and Joos-Muller B,  Microgels- intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules with a globular structure
 Advances in Polymer Science 136,139-234 (1998)                                                          pdf
 
 

 

Macroporous hydrophilic polymer networks by reaction induced phase separation


Okay O,
Gurun C, Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of  Porous 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate - Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Copolymer Beads
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 46, 401-410 (1992)                                                                    pdf                             
 

Sayil C, and Okay O, Macroporous poly(N-isopropyl) acrylamide networks: Formation conditions
Polymer 42, 7639 - 7652 (2001)                                                                                         pdf  

 

Sayil C, and Okay O,  Macroporous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) networks  

Polymer Bulletin  48, 499-506 (2002)                                                                               pdf

 



Formation of gels by free-radical mechanism: Theory
 

Okay O, Kinetic Modelling of Network Formation and Properties in Free-radical Copolymerization
 Polymer 35, 796 - 807 (1994).
 

Okay O, Gel Properties in Free-radical Crosslinking Copolymerization: A Kinetic Approach
 Makromol. Chem. Theory and Simul. 3, 417 - 427 (1994).                                                           pdf
 

Okay O, Kinetics of Gelation in Free-radical Crosslinking Copolymerization
 Polymer 35, 2613 - 2618 (1994).                                                                                            
 

Okay O, Naghash HJ, Pekcan O,  Critical properties for gelation in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization
 Macromol. Theory & Simul. 4, 967-981 (1995).                                                                  pdf    

 

Okay O, Critical properties for gelation in free-radical crosslinking polymerization
Turkish Journal of Physics 20, 27-32 (1996)    

 

Okay O, Gel growth in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization: Effect of inactive gel radicals
 Macromol. Theory Simul. 9, 354-361 (2000)                                                                  pdf

 

Okay O, Reddy SK, and Bowman CN,  Molecular weight development during thiol-ene photopolymerizations  

Macromolecules 38, 4501-4511 (2005)                                                                         pdf  

 

Okay O, and Bowman CN,  Kinetic modeling of thiol-ene reactions with both step and chain growth aspects. 

Macromol. Theory Simul. 14, 267-277 (2005)                                                               pdf 

 

Reddy SK, Okay O, and Bowman CN, Network Development in Mixed Step-Chain Growth Thiol-Vinyl Photopolymerizations

Macromolecules 39, 8832-8843 (2006)                                                                  pdf

    

                                                          
Hydrogels: Swelling, phase transitions
 

Kayaman N, Okay O, and Baysal BM, Phase transition of polyacrylamide gels in PEG solutions
 Polymer Gels and Networks 5, 167-184 (1997).                                                                  pdf
 

Kayaman N, Okay O, and Baysal BM,  Swelling of polyacrylamide gels in aqueous solutions of  ethylene glycol oligomers
 Polymer Gels and Networks 5, 339-356 (1997).                                                               pdf
 

Kayaman N, Okay O, and Baysal BM, Phase transition of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels in PEG solutions
 Turkish Journal of Chemistry 21, 346-352 (1997)                                                           pdf

 

Kayaman N, Okay O, and Baysal BM,  Swelling of polyacrylamide gels in polyacrylamide solutions                                               
 J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 36, 1313-1320 (1998)                                                  pdf

 

Okay O, and Akkan U,  Heterogeneities in polyacrylamide gels immersed in acetone- water mixtures
 Polymer Bulletin 41, 363-370 (1998)                                                                                pdf
 

Okay O, Sariisik SB, Zor DS, Swelling Behavior of Anionic Acrylamide-based Hydrogels in Aqueous Salt Solutions: Comparison of Experiment with Theory
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70, 567-575 (1998)                                                                            pdf

 

Okay O, and Sariisik SB, Swelling Behavior of Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) Hydrogels in Aqueous Salt Solutions: Theory versus Experiments
 Eur. Polymer J. 36, 393-399 (2000)                                                                                  pdf
 

Durmaz S, and Okay O, Acrylamide / 2-acrylamido- 2- methyl propane sulfonic acid sodium salt –based hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization
 Polymer 41, 3693-3704 (2000)                                                                                       pdf

 

Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Swelling of strong polyelectrolyte hydrogels in polymer solutions: Effect of ion pair formation on the polymer collapse
 Polymer 41, 5737-5747 (2000)                                                                                        pdf

 

Okay O, and Gundogan N, Volume phase transition of polymer networks in polymeric solvents
Macromol. Theory Simul. 11, 287-292 (2002)                                                                   pdf

 

Gundogan N, and Okay O, Reentrant phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels in polymer solutions: Thermodynamic analysis

 J. Appl. Polym. Sci.  85, 801-813 (2002)                                                                            pdf

 

 Melekaslan D, Kasapoglu F, Ito K, Yagci Y, and Okay O, Swelling and elasticity of hydrogels based on a poly(ethylene oxide) macroinimer

Polymer Int. 53, 237- 242 (2004)                                                                                     pdf

 

Orakdogen N, and Okay O,  Reentrant conformation transition in poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels in water-organic solvent mixtures

Polymer 47, 561-568 (2006)                                                                                       pdf

 

Dogu Y, and  Okay O, Swelling-deswelling kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels formed in PEG solutions

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99, 37-44 (2006)                                                                        pdf  

 

Orakdogen N, and Okay O,   Effect of initial monomer concentration on the equilibrium swelling and elasticity of hydrogels. 

Eur. Polym. J. 42, 955-960 (2006)                                                                           pdf  

 

Ceylan D, Can V, and Okay O,   Phase transition of acrylamide-based polyampholyte gels in water. 

J. Macromol. Sci. A: Pure and Appl. Chem. 43, 1635-1649 (2006)                        pdf

 

 

 

Hydrogels: Inhomogeneities
 

Okay O, Yilmaz Y, Kaya D, Keskinel M, and Pekcan O, Heterogeneities during the formation of poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogels
Polymer Bulletin 43, 425-431 (1999)                                                                                pdf

 

Durmaz S, and Okay O, Phase separation during the formation of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels
 Polymer 41, 5729-5735 (2000)                                                                                        pdf
 

Kara S, Okay O, and Pekcan O, In situ photon transmission technique for monitoring phase separation in real time during gelation
Polymer Bulletin 45, 281-285 (2000)                                                                                pdf

 

Durmaz S, and Okay O, Inhomogeneities in poly(acrylamide) gels: Position-dependent elastic modulus measurements  
Polymer Bulletin 46, 409 - 418 (2001)                                                                                 pdf       

 

Kara S, Okay O, and  Pekcan O, Real time temperature and photon transmission measurements for monitoring phase separation during the formation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels
 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 86, 3589- 3595 (2002). 
                                                                      pdf

 

Kızılay MY, and Okay O, Effect of initial monomer concentration on spatial inhomogeneity in poly(acrylamide) gels

Macromolecules 36, 6856-6862 (2003)                                                                          pdf

 

Kızılay MY, and Okay O, Effect of hydrolysis on spatial inhomogeneity in poly(acrylamide) gels of various crosslink densities

Polymer 44, 5239-5250 (2003)                                                                                        pdf

 

Cerid H, and Okay O, Minimization of spatial inhomogeneity in polystyrene gels formed by free-radical mechanism 
 Eur. Polym. J. 40, 579-587 (2004)                                                                                   pdf

 

Kızılay MY, and Okay O, Effect of swelling on spatial inhomogeneity in poly(acrylamide) gels formed at various monomer concentrations.

Polymer 45, 2567-2576(2004)                                                                                          pdf

 

Yazici I, and  Okay O, Spatial inhomogeneity in poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. 

Polymer 46, 2595-2602 (2005)                                                                                       pdf       

 

Ozdogan A, and  Okay O, Effect of spatial gel inhomogeneity on the elastic modulus of strong polyelectrolyte hydrogels

Polymer Bulletin 54, 435-442 (2005)                                                                             pdf      

 

Orakdogen N, Kizilay MY, and Okay O,   Suppression of inhomogeneities in hydrogels formed by free-radical crosslinking copolymerization.

 Polymer 46, 11407-11415 (2005)                                                                              pdf

 

Orakdogen N, and Okay O,   Influence of the initiator system on the spatial inhomogeneity in acrylamide-based hydrogels.

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 3228-3237 (2007)                                                           pdf

 

Orakdogen N, and Okay O,   Correlation between crosslinking efficiency and spatial inhomogeneity in poly(acrylamide)hydrogels. 

 Polymer Bulletin 57, 631-641 (2006)                                                                     pdf 

 

 

 

Gels from rubber
 

Okay O, Durmaz S, and Erman B,  Solution crosslinked poly(isobutylene) gels: synthesis and swelling behavior
Macromolecules 33, 4822-4827 (2000)                                                                           pdf

 

Ince MN, Erman B, Okay O, Durmaz S, Elastic behavior of solution crosslinked poly(isobutylene) gels under large compression
Polymer 42, 3771-3777 (2001)                                                                                          pdf

 

Durmaz S, Fank S, and Okay O, Swelling and mechanical properties of solution crosslinked poly(isobutylene) gels
 Macromol. Chem. Phys. 203, 663-672 (2002)                                                                   pdf

 


 

Hydrogels: Elasticity

 

Okay O, and Durmaz S, Charge density dependence of elastic modulus of strong polyelectrolyte hydrogels
Polymer  43, 1215-1221 (2002)                                                                                           pdf  

 

Gundogan N, Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Rubber elasticity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels at various charge densities 
Macromolecules 35, 5616-5622 (2002)                                                                             pdf

 

Melekaslan D, Gundogan N, and Okay O, Swelling and elasticity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels immersed in the melt of poly(ethylene glycol) chains 

Polymer 44, 2281-2288 (2003)                                                                                        pdf

 

Melekaslan D, Gundogan N, and Okay O, Elasticity of poly(acrylamide) gel beads 
Polymer Bulletin 50, 287-294 (2003)                                                                             pdf

 

Gundogan N, Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Non-Gaussian elasticity of swollen poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels at high charge densities 
 Eur. Polym. J. 39, 2209-2216 (2003)                           
                                                   pdf

 

Gundogan N, Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Swelling and elasticity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrogels 
J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 94, 135-141 (2004)                                                                           pdf

 

Gundogan N, Okay O, and Oppermann W, Swelling, elasticity and spatial inhomogeneity of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels formed at various polymer concentrations. 
 Macromol. Chem. Phys. 205, 814-823 (2004)                                                               pdf

 

Ozmen MM, and  Okay O, Non-Gaussian elasticity of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) gels. 

Polymer Bulletin 52, 83-90 (2004)                                                                                 pdf

 

 

 

 

 Temperature sensitive hydrogels

 

Sayil C, and Okay O, The effect of preparation temperature on the swelling behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels
Polymer Bulletin 45, 175-182 (2000)                                                                               pdf

 

Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Reentrant phase transition of strong polyelectrolyte poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels in PEG solutions

Macromol. Chem. Phys. 202,304 - 312 (2001)                                                                  pdf

 

Sayil C, and Okay O, Swelling-shrinking hysteresis of poly(N-isopropyl)acrylamide) gels in sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions
J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83, 1228-1232 (2002)                                                                          pdf

 

 

Ozturk V, and Okay O, Temperature sensitive poly(N-t-butyl acrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogels: synthesis and swelling behavior 
 Polymer 43, 5017-5026 (2002)                                                                                        pdf

 

Melekaslan D, and Okay O, Temperature dependent swelling behavior of ionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels in PEG solutions

Polymer Bulletin 49, 181-188 (2002)                                                                              pdf

 

Ozmen MM, and Okay O, Swelling behavior of strong polyelectrolyte poly(N-t-butyl acrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogels 

Eur. Polym. J. 39, 877-886 (2003)                                                                                pdf

 

 

 

Cryogels

 

Ozmen MM, and Okay O,   Superfast responsive ionic hydrogels with contrallable pore size. 

 Polymer 46, 8119-8127 (2005)                                                                                   pdf

 

Ceylan D, Ozmen MM, and Okay O,   Swelling-deswelling kinetics of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels and cryogels. 

J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99, 319-325  (2006)                                                                  pdf

 

Ozmen MM, and Okay O, Superfast responsive ionic hydrogels: Effect of the monomer concentration. 

J. Macromol. Sci. A: Pure and Appl. Chem. 43, 1215-1225 (2006)                        pdf  

 

Dinu MV, Ozmen MM, Dragan ES, and Okay O, Freezing as a path to build macroporous structures: Superfast responsive polyacrylamide hydrogels. 

Polymer 48, 195-204 (2007)                                                                                   pdf

 

 

 

Polymer-clay hydrogels

 

Can V, and Okay O,   Shake gels based on Laponite-PEO mixtures: Effect of polymer molecular weight. 

Designed  Monomers Polymers 8, 453-462 (2005)                                                      pdf 

 

Okay O, and Oppermann W,  Polyacrylamide - clay nanocomposite hydrogels: Rheological and light scattering characterization.

Macromolecules 40, 3378-3387 (2007)                                                                pdf